Svarṇa Mākṣika Śodhana - A review through Rasa classics

Abstract

Introduction: Rasa Śāstra is a branch of science exclusively dealing with different aspects of metals and minerals including their origin, varieties, characteristics, processing techniques, properties, therapeutic applications etc. in a comprehensive way. These metals and minerals are to be processed before their internal administration. The processes include Śodhana, Māraṇa etc. that are essential in making the raw material suitable for therapeutics. Svarṇa Mākṣika is one such mineral that after proper processing become highly potent and useful in Prameha (Diabetes), Pānḍu (Anemia), Kuṣṭha (Skin diseases), Jwara (Fever), Anidrā (Insomnia) etc. Classics mention different treatment procedures for Svarṇa Mākṣika that are scattered throughout the texts of Rasa Śāstra. Here an attempt has been made to compile all such references pertaining to Śodhana. Methods: Śodhana processes of Svarṇa Mākṣika were compiled from classical texts and analysed by segregating type of basic procedure, media and principle used in the procedure etc. Results: At least 34 (Plant origin-24, Animal origin- 05, Mineral origin-05) varieties of liquids are used as Śodhana dravya in classics. Twenty six methods of Śodhana were described in various texts that can be categorized into five basic methods like Swedana, Bharjana, Nirvāpa, Mardana and Puṭapāka. Conclusion: This work may prove a torch bearer for future research works on Svarṇa Mākṣika.